Primary sources
Classical manuscripts and archival documents, with archive and shelfmark where held.
“Jikishinkage-ryū Hisho Ichi (直心影流秘書一).” n.d. Suzuka-ke monjo (鈴鹿家文書), All Japan Kendo Federation (全日本剣道連盟蔵). institutional holding.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. n.d. Fencing Match at the School of Sakakibara Kenkichi
(Gekkenka). MFA Boston collections,
Https://collections.mfa.org/objects/462249/.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Yamada Mitsunori. n.d. “Heihō Zakki (兵法雑記).” Tōkyō Naganuma Shōbee-ke (東京長沼正兵衛家蔵). family holding.
Takahashi Shigeharu. 1686. “Keiko Hōjō Jo narabini Riuta (稽古法定序幷理歌).” Tōkyō Naganuma Shōbee-ke (東京長沼正兵衛家蔵). family holding.
“Jikishinkage-ryū mokuroku (直心影流目録), Meiwa 5 (1768).” 1768. Waseda University, Kotenseki Sōgō Database. ケ05 01032 0001 · public scan; downloadable.
“Jikishinkage-ryū mokuroku (直心影流兵法目録添状), Meiwa 5 (1768).” 1768. Waseda University, Kotenseki Sōgō Database. http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ke05/ke05_01032/ke05_01032_0002/. ケ05 01032 0002 · public scan; downloadable.
“Ōga Ikken (大禾一件).” 1773. Tōkyō Naganuma Shōbee-ke (東京長沼正兵衛家蔵). family holding.
Kawasaki Tōnojō Yoshioi. 1789. “Sayanouchi Hidensho (鞘之内秘伝書).” Suzuka-ke monjo (鈴鹿家文書), All Japan Kendo Federation. institutional holding.
“Jikishinkage-ryū Hōjō (直心影流法定) — Naganuma Tadasato; copied by Ogawa Yashichi.” 1800. Waseda University, Kotenseki Sōgō Database (早稲田大学古典籍総合データベース). ケ05 01032 0003 · public scan; downloadable.
天野 八郎. 1868. Heikyūroku (斃休録). National Diet Library Digital Collections. pid 2538286 · Digitized; also reproduced in full in Yamazaki, Shōgitai
Senshi (彰義隊戦史)..
Cited in: Amano Hachirō
Tōkyō Shōka Daigaku. 1928. Tōkyō Shōka Daigaku ichiran, Shōwa 3-nendo
(東京商科大学一覧 昭和3年度). Maruzen. NDL Digital Collections.
Cited in: Ōnishi Hidetaka
Ko-Yamada Shihan Kinen Jigyōkai. 1931. Ittokusai Yamada Jirōkichi den
(一徳斎山田次朗吉伝). Ko-Yamada Shihan Kinen Jigyōkai. NDL Digital Collections. NDL pid 1023242 (https://lab.ndl.go.jp/dl/book/1023242).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi, Ōnishi Hidetaka
Takeda-ryū gungaku zensho (武田流軍学全書). 1935. Takeda-ryū Gungaku Zensho Kankōkai
(武田流軍学全書刊行会).
Secondary scholarship
Modern scholarship, reference works and tabulations.
Totsuka Yōshin-ryū founders’ graves
(戸塚彦介英俊の墓). n.d. Chiba City / Chiba Prefecture cultural-property pages.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Shōgitai (彰義隊). n.d. JapanKnowledge (Nihon Daihyakka Zensho / Sekai Daihyakka
Jiten / Kokushi Daijiten).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Dai Nippon Butokukai (大日本武徳会). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Tokunō Sekishirō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Kawaji Toshiyoshi (川路利良). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/川路利良.
Cited in: Kawaji Toshiyoshi
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Keishi-ryū (警視流). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/警視流.
Cited in: Kawaji Toshiyoshi, Tokunō Sekishirō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Sakakibara Kenkichi (榊原鍵吉). Wikipedia. Accessed July 6, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/榊原鍵吉.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Tokunō Sekishirō (得能関四郎). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/得能関四郎.
Cited in: Tokunō Sekishirō
Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū — lineage
tabulations. n.d. Nihon Kobudō Kyōkai (日本古武道協会) entry;
Issei-kai (一誠会) "Rekidai Dōtōsha" (歴代道統者)
List.
Naganuma Kunisato (長沼国郷). n.d. Kōdansha, Nihon Jinmei Daijiten+Plus
(講談社『日本人名大辞典+Plus』), via Kotobank.
Sakakibara Kenkichi (榊原鍵吉). n.d. Kōdansha Nihon Jinmei Daijiten and Nihon Daihyakka Zensho
(Nipponica), via Kotobank.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Shimada Toranosuke (島田虎之助). n.d. Heibonsha Sekai Daihyakka Jiten (entry by Nakabayashi
Shinji) and Kōdansha Nihon Jinmei Daijiten, via Kotobank.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Totsuka Hikosuke (戸塚彦介). n.d. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponica), via Kotobank.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Kotobank. n.d. Kotobank. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://kotobank.jp/word/川路利良#w-48241.
Cited in: Kawaji Toshiyoshi
Sugimura Gitarō (杉村義太郎). n.d. Shinsengumi Nagakura Shinpachi: Ko Sugimura Yoshie no
Sōnen Jidai
(新撰組永倉新八：故杉村義衛の壮年時代). Otaru.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Nakamura Tamio (中村民雄). n.d. Kendō Jiten: Gijutsu to Bunka no Rekishi (剣道事典
技術と文化の歴史). Shimazu Shobō (島津書房).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Sakakibara Kenkichi (榊原鍵吉). n.d. National Diet Library, Kindai Nihonjin no Shōzō
(近代日本人の肖像).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Pranin, Stanley. n.d. Saigō Tanomo and Takeda Sokaku. Aiki News / Aikido Journal, various issues.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Jikishinkage-ryū (直心影流). n.d. Heibonsha, Kaitei-shinpan Sekai Daihyakka Jiten
(平凡社『改訂新版 世界大百科事典』), entry
By Nakabayashi Shinji (中林信二), via Kotobank.
Nakabayashi Shinji (中林信二). n.d. “Sakakibara Kenkichi (榊原鍵吉).” In Kaitei-shinpan Sekai Daihyakka Jiten (改訂新版
世界大百科事典). Heibonsha (平凡社).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Watanabe Ichirō (渡辺一郎). n.d. Bakumatsu Kantō Kenjutsu Eimeiroku no Kenkyū
(幕末関東剣術英名録の研究).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Wikipedia. n.d. Jikishinkage-ryū kenjutsu (直心影流剣術). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/直心影流剣術.
Sakakibara Kenkichi and the bakumatsu kenjutsu circle
(Japanese Wikipedia). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia:
榊原鍵吉・彰義隊・上野戦争・戸塚彦介・楊心古流・戸塚派楊心流柔術・嘉納治五郎・起倒流・伊庭八郎・島田虎之助・高橋泥舟・山岡鉄舟.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
山崎 有信. 1910. Shōgitai Senshi (彰義隊戦史). 隆文館. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/773365.
Cited in: Amano Hachirō
Hori Shōhei (堀正平). 1934. Dai Nihon Kendō Shi (大日本剣道史). Kendō Sho Kankōkai (剣道書刊行会).
Cited in: Okumura Sakonta, Takayama Minesaburō
Watatani Kiyoshi (綿谷雪), and Yamada Tadashi
(山田忠史). 1978. Bugei Ryūha Daijiten (武芸流派大事典). Tōkyō Kopii Shuppanbu.
Cited in: Okumura Sakonta
Majima Isao (間島勲). 1996. Zenkoku Shohan Kengō Jinmei Jiten
(全国諸藩剣豪人名事典).
Cited in: Okumura Sakonta, Takayama Minesaburō
Nakamura Tamio (中村民雄). 1996. “Bakumatsu Kantō kenjutsu ryūha denpa keitai no kenkyū
(1) (幕末関東剣術流派伝播形態の研究(1)).” Fukushima Daigaku Kyōiku Gakubu Ronshū
(福島大学教育学部論集), no. 61.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Pranin, Stanley A. 1996. Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu: Conversations with Daito-ryu Masters. Aiki News.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Tominaga Kengo. 1996. Kendō Gohyaku-nen Shi (剣道五百年史). Shimazu Shobō (島津書房).
Numata-shi Shi, Shiryō-hen 2: Kinsei (沼田市史
資料編2 近世). 1997. Numata City (沼田市).
Nagao Susumu. 1999. “A Study on the Process of Change in Quality of the
Japanese-Swordplay in the Eighteenth Century : Mainly in
the Analysis of Gekken-Sodan.” Memoirs of Institute of Humanities, Meiji University 45 (March): 121–33.
Cited in: The Naganuma-ha Jikishinkage-ryū
Nakamura Tamio. 1999. “Bakumatsu Kantō kenjutsu ryūha denpa keitai no kenkyū
(2) (幕末関東剣術流派伝播形態の研究(2)).” Fukushima Daigaku Kyōiku Gakubu Ronshū: Shakai Kagaku
Bumon (福島大学教育学部論集 社会科学部門) 66: 65–72.
Ishigaki Yasuzō (石垣安造). 2001. Jikishinkage-ryū gokui denkai
(直心影流極意伝開). Revised (改訂新版). Shimazu Shobō (島津書房).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Iwasa Masaru. 2005. Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
(鹿島神伝直心影流). Budō Shinkōkai (武道振興会).
Hall, David A. 2013. Encyclopedia of Japanese Martial Arts. Kodansha USA.
Karukome Yoshitaka. 2013. “Jikishinkage-ryū no bunpa ni tsuite no ichikōsatsu
(直心影流の分派についての一考察).” Budōgaku Kenkyū (武道学研究) 46 (1).
Karukome Yoshitaka. 2013. “Jikishinkage-ryū ni kansuru kenkyū
(直心影流に関する研究).” PhD thesis, University of Tsukuba
(筑波大学大学院人間総合科学研究科).
Amdur, Ellis. 2014. Old School: Essays on Japanese Martial Traditions. Freelance Academy Press.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Inazu Yūko (稲津裕子). 2014. “Heki-ryū kyūjutsu no kigen: Yoshida Shigekata to sono
senzo ni tsuite
(日置流弓術の起源：吉田重賢とその祖先について).” Supōtsu-shi Kenkyū (スポーツ史研究 / Japan
Journal of Sport History), no. 27: 17.
Cited in: Kawashima Takashi
Ikezuki Ei. 2015. Aiki no Takeda Sōkaku: Musashi o koeta otoko
(合気の武田惣角――武蔵を超えた男). Rekishi Shunjū Shuppan (歴史春秋出版).
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Karukome Yoshitaka. 2015. “Jikishinkage-ryū no seiritsu to sono denkei oyobi denshō
ni kansuru ichikōsatsu
(直心影流の成立とその伝系及び伝承に関する一考察).” Budōgaku Kenkyū (武道学研究) 47 (3): 119–38.
Matsuo Makinori, and Goga Tomotsugu. 2015. “Tōchi-jidai no Taiwan ni okeru kyūdō ni tsuite:
Sekka-ha kyūjutsu to Kawashima Takashi
(統治時代の台湾における弓道について
－雪荷派弓術と川島堯－).” Nihon Budō Gakkai dai-48-kai taikai kenkyū happyō
shōroku
(日本武道学会第48回大会研究発表抄録), 16.
Cited in: Kawashima Takashi
Amdur, Ellis. 2016. Dueling with O-sensei. Freelance Academy Press.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Amdur, Ellis. 2018. It Ain’t Necessarily So: Banquo’s Ghost.
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Cited in: Sakakibara Kenkichi
Karukome Yoshitaka. 2020. Jikishinkage-ryū no kenkyū (直心影流の研究). Kokusho Kankōkai (国書刊行会).
